Six Civilians, including US citizen Killed in the Gambella region
March 13, 2013
Ethiopian National Defense Forces Killed 6 Civilians, including US citizen in the Gambella region of Ethiopia.
Press Release (Vancouver BC Canada)— On March 2, 2013,
seventeen Anuak men were ambushed by Ethiopian National Defense Forces
(ENDF), as they were sitting under a tree near Gilo river in a rural
area in the Gambella region of southwestern Ethiopia. Six men were
killed. Among those killed was a 33-year old American citizen, Omot
Ojulu Odol, [B.D. 2/2/1978] who came to the U.S. as a teenager more than
fifteen years ago. Mr. Odol had been visiting his homeland.
The Ethiopian government claims Mr. Odol was killed for acts of
terrorism in the region; however, eyewitnesses and others on-the-ground
in Gambella share a different story, as learned by the Anuak Justice
Council (AJC), a human rights organization that has been investigating
the incident since it occurred. The AJC has many contacts on the ground,
some of whom were eyewitnesses, family members of the deceased, friends
and community members.
As the Government of Ethiopia responds from
afar to questions regarding what happened, those present during the
incident provide a different scenario to the attack and its aftermath.
The reality is, not only is the federal government in Addis Ababa
disconnected from the region, they have repeatedly committed egregious
human rights crimes in the region, fabricated propaganda and twisted
information so as to advance their own deeply entrenched economic
interests in the area.
Background:
For those who do not know, the AJC was formed following the massacre of
the Anuak by the same Ethiopian National Defense Forces (ENDF) in
December 2003. At this time, 424 Anuak leaders were targeted and
brutally slaughtered within three days. Most of their bodies were buried
in mass graves and have never been recovered. This all has been
documented by respected human rights organizations such as Genocide
Watch in their two reports and by Human Rights Watch in their report
entitled:
“Targeting the Anuak: Human Rights Violations and Crimes against Humanity in Ethiopia’s Gambella Region [ http://www.hrw.org/news/2005/03/23/ethiopia-crimes-against-humanity-gambella-region].
Thousands more were killed over the next three years when the military
presence was very heavy surrounding an attempt to drill for oil on
indigenous Anuak land, which eventually failed. Since then, the region
has never recovered. The Anuak, in particular, have never found safety
and security and many have left for neighboring countries.
The tensions in the region have only been exacerbated by the
large-scale land acquisitions by foreign and local investors that have
displaced 70,000 local people from land the Anuak and others have
depended upon for their livelihoods for centuries. [For more information on the displacements, please see the investigation by Human Rights Watch entitled:
“Waiting Here for Death” Forced Displacement and “Villagization” in Ethiopia’s Gambella Region.
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2012/01/16/waiting-here-death
] Between now and 2015, another 150,000 indigenous Gambellans are to be
moved to resettlement villages in a villagization program that has left
the displaced homeless, with inferior land, with poorer access to
water, with fewer or non-existing services and in hunger. In this
milieu, anyone who attempts to defend their constitutional rights to
their indigenous land can be called a terrorist and subject to human
rights crimes.
Incident:
From eyewitnesses and testimony from other local people, the AJC has
learned that the incident began when someone reported to the local
security in Gambella that an Anuak farmer had purchased a gun from the
highlands in Ethiopia and had brought it back to this lowland area.
Prior to the Anuak massacre in 2003, the Anuak had been disarmed of
their guns despite using them for hunting and protection from the wild
animals in the region that would prey on their livestock. Notably, the
disarmament was ethnic-based and did not include those from other local
ethnic groups. In fact, as of today, the Anuak remain the only disarmed
people in the Gambella region while others still maintain the right to
possess guns.
After receiving the report of this gun purchase, authorities had gone
to the farmer’s house on February 28, 2013. He was not at home;
however, there were some other young men in the home, some of his
relatives and others his neighbors.
One of his relatives, Mark Omot,
who is 26 years old and whose father was killed in the Gambella massacre
of December 2003, was interrogated and tortured. He was beaten by the
barrels of the guns and he sustained many serious injuries to his head,
neck and chest before finally telling the authorities that during the
dry season, the majority of men go to the riverbanks to fish and hunt. [If you want to eat during the dry season, it greatly helps to have a gun to hunt.]
A local Anuak security official, along with the ENDF, took this
man and forced him to help them find the farmer. After a search lasting
several days, on the morning of March 2, the farmer was located about 40
kilometers away on the bank of the Gilo River near the village of
Abelean and Apoo. Mr. Odol and sixteen others, including a number of
children as young as ten years of age, were found sitting under the
shade of a tree. Without warning, the ENDF began shooting at them,
killing six persons, including an eleven-year-old. The others escaped,
including the farmer. No one shot back. After the six men died, the
troops searched through the bodies and their belongings and found only
one gun. During their search of the bodies, they found Omot Ojulu Odol’s
American passport and Washington D.C. driver’s license on him. This is
when the entire situation changed. Instead of focusing on the farmer,
the others they had killed or those who had escaped, they focused only
on Mr. Odol and justified killing an American citizen by calling him a
terrorist. They separated his body from the others and videotaped his
body, propping the gun up beside him along with his American passport
and U.S. driver’s license.
The security forces left the other bodies behind, without burying
them, but took Mr. Odol’s body with them to the town of Pinyudo, the
capital of the district of Gok. When in Pinyudo, they placed his
lifeless body in the back of their army truck, flagrantly displaying him
as they drove through the town, boasting that they had killed the man
who did not want investment or development in the region. They claimed
that there would now be peace and development in the region because this
man, who was “anti-development”, “anti-foreign investment” and
“anti-villagization”, was now finally killed. The location where Mr.
Odol was killed was near to the place where land had been leased to a
Turkish land investor. They were among those who had been forcibly
displaced from the area, ending up at the location 40 kilometers away
where the farmer and they most of them were now living.
Following this, the ENDF forces brought Mr. Odol’s body to the
regional capital of Gambella Town, publically announcing their intent to
display his body the following day, Sunday, March 3; however, the next
day the people were told that his body would instead be displayed at the
stadium and that the people should come and see the remains of a man
who was “anti-development” and “anti-foreign investment.”
They claimed that he had been responsible for the attack on employees
at the Saudi Star agricultural farm in May 2012 and for the deadly bus
ambush in April 2012, which had occurred when he was not in Ethiopia
according to reports from the ground.
However, the anticipated showing of his body in the stadium never
took place. Allegedly, the central government in Addis Ababa stopped
their plans, warning local officials that there could be a backlash
because Omot Ojulu Omod had been an American citizen. This information
was also confirmed by Gatluak Tut, Gambella Regional Vice President,
when he was interviewed by the government-run newspaper, “Reporter,” on
Wednesday, March 6.
On Monday, March 4, some ENDF went back to the village in Gok
Depach where the farmer had lived and killed another farmer, Okwier
Ojulu, who lived in the same vicinity. They saw him walking from his
home and they ordered him to stop but he did not listen to them; knowing
what had happened to the others and that if he stopped, he would be
interrogated and possibly tortured. The soldiers then shot him in the
back and killed him. His whole family witnessed his death. The soldiers
left him dead on the road. Soldiers then arrested another farmer, Omot
Abella, and his two teenage sons as well as one other Anuak farmer.
People suspected that the defense forces feared retaliation from the
villagers because of the people killed on the riverbank along with Omot
Ojulu Odol. Those arrested, as well as Mark Omot, remain in custody in
Pinyudo in the military’s detention center.
Additionally, two others were also arrested. One was Mr. Oman
Agwa, the chief of police of the Gambella region who had condemned the
killing of Omot and the others, saying that these were innocent people
and that there was no proof of them committing any crimes. Out of
guilt or shame, the Anuak governor of the Gambella region, Omot Obang
Olom, who was complicit in the massacre in 2003 of his own people, along
with ENDF commanders, arrested this man in order to silence him.
However, when Governor Olom was asked during an interview on Voice of
America on March 5
th about the arrest of the chief of police,
he claimed that the man had been arrested because authorities had found
a T-shirt in the man’s house that called for the secession of Gambella
from Ethiopia. No one else had ever seen such a T-shirt, but obviously
free speech does not exist in one of the most repressive countries in
the world– Ethiopia. He remains in detention in Gambella.
The second man arrested is Paul Agwa, a security guard at the
Mekane Yesus Church in Gambella. He was accused of being related to the
farmer who had bought the gun and authorities believed he had been aware
of the purchase of the gun and had not reported it. There are reports
that he was tortured during his arrest. He remains in custody in
Gambella. These are the facts from the people on the ground.
The Anuak, including family members, reported the incident to the
U.S. State Department. The U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa later confirmed
the man’s death to the State Department.
In reports the AJC received from U.S. government sources, they indicate the following:
Ethiopian officials have informed the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa
that a U.S. citizen was killed on March 2, 2013, as part of an Ethiopian
National Defense Forces (ENDF) operation against a rebel group that
operates in the Gambella region of Ethiopia.
The U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa has not been able to confirm the
details of this reported incident, and is seeking additional
information.
On March 7, Ethiopian television reported that security forces had
killed Omot Ojulu Odol in Gambella because he was a terrorist. They
never mentioned the other five persons who had been killed, including
the eleven-year-old, perhaps because it would diminish their argument
that they were fighting a “rebel group” operating in the region.
Conclusion:
What began as a report of one gun being purchased by a farmer for
hunting—a crime only for the Anuak—ended in the ambush and cold-blooded
killing of six Anuak people who had committed no crime. Unknowingly, one
of these victims they had killed had been an American citizen, which
totally changed the rationale and focus of their actions, but yet it
gives an accurate picture of the kind of insecurity the Anuak continue
to face on a daily basis.
The AJC, as an organization that speaks for the well being of the
Anuak, wherever they are found, finds it necessary to respond to the
one-sided propaganda given in this case by the Ethiopian government
.
Most Anuak consider the TPLF/EPRDF regime, which has been in power for
over 21 years, a terrorist regime that has a record of killing innocent
people, not only in Gambella, but throughout the country. If they were
genuine, they should have reported on the deaths and arrests of the
others, but they did not. Sadly, this kind of biased and untruthful
reporting by ETV and Tesfa- alem Tekle is not unusual, especially when
the reporter, as in this case Tesfa- alem a hard-core TPLF supporter who
based in Mekelle, northern Ethiopia.
From what we know, Omot Odol was not a terrorist. This was someone
who was a responsible U.S. citizen who had had a job and reportedly,
had never committed a crime in America, not even a driving violation;
however, he had always spoken out against the human rights abuses
committed by the current TPLF/EPRDF government. His own brother was
killed by government-controlled military forces in 2008 and a few months
later, his mother met the same fate. Maybe this was why he felt
compelled to go back home to do what he could to speak out for justice.
We are unaware of any crimes he has ever committed, and according to
reliable sources, he was not even in Ethiopia at the time of either the
Saudi Star attack or the ambush of the bus for which he is being
accused.
On the other hand, since 2003, the Anuak, simply for being of that
ethnicity, have been targeted for repeated egregious human rights
violations in their own land. No one has yet to be held responsible for
these crimes, including for the December 2003 massacre and aftermath.
Over the last several years, as the land grabs are continuing to
displace the Anuak, those who speak out against the injustice can be
called terrorists and are at great risk. Those Anuak who return to their
homeland for visits from other countries are regularly targeted as
suspicious persons by the authorities. We have documented more than
twenty-one cases over the last two years where Anuak coming from the US,
Canada, Europe or Australia have been detained and interrogated. Some
have even been victims of torture and abuse by the TPLF/EPRDF. In
certain cases, Ethiopian military and other security forces have even
crossed international boundaries to harass and intimidate Anuak in the
Republic of South Sudan and in Kenya.
The killing of Omot Ojulu Odol is not unique to Gambella. What makes
it different is the fact that Mr. Odol was an American citizen and that
he was killed without any due process. The Government of Ethiopia now
wants to avoid accountability to the U.S. Government by taking the easy
way out, which is to label him as a terrorist and to accuse him of
crimes that reportedly occurred when he was not even in the country. In a
statement made by Gambella Regional governor, Omot Olom on ESAT
[Ethiopian Satellite TV] on Friday, March 8, 2013, he said, “
Anyone who broke the law in Ethiopia could be killed whether an Ethiopian or an American!”
Last month Governor Omot detained an Australian Anuak in Gambella,
accusing him of aiding the rebels even though he lived in Australia.
Allegedly security officials told him that they could kill him
regardless of the fact he was an Australian citizen. In other words,
educated Anuak from abroad are a real threat to them and they are
obviously willing to break international laws in response to them.
We in the AJC are working to pressure the American government
authorities to do their maximum in investigating this incident. To
start, we have called on them to conduct an on-the-ground investigation
in Gambella, beginning with exhuming the body in order to conduct
forensic DNA tests to determine whether the remains are Omot Ojulu
Odol’s, beyond a doubt. If it matches, we call on U.S. officials to
claim his remains so that they might be given to his family for a proper
burial.
As of now, the ENDF are the only ones who know where the body is
buried. We also call on U.S. authorities to investigate who ordered the
killing and who actually killed him so that they will be held
accountable. Even if he was guilty of some crime, they should have
arrested him and brought him to justice because of his American
citizenship. This issue has already been taken up by some in the U.S.
Congress and U.S. Senate.
The AJC and the Anuak as a whole, see Mr. Odol’s death and those
of the other five Anuak killed alongside of him, as more names on the
list of the thousands of Anuak who have already been killed by the
TPLF/EPRDF since they came to power. The Anuak will not rest until
justice has been served for all of them. It may not be done now, but
surely there will be a day of accountability. Until then, the AJC will
continue to gather the information and the names of those implicated in
the crimes. When this government changes, the guilty will be found
wherever they are and charged. This demand for accountability is not
only for the Anuak, but for the rest of Ethiopians who have lost their
lives throughout the country.
May God comfort and strengthen the families of those who have lost
these loved ones. Ethiopia has become like a weeping mother, crying for
her precious children who have come to a premature end. May their
deaths not be in vain but be building blocks towards a more peaceful,
life-affirming Ethiopia. May God strengthen the living to reach out to
each other to bring an end to this regime and their crimes against our
Ethiopian people.
May Ethiopia stretch out her hands to God who will not abandon us if we call him in humility and faith.
=======================ENDS=======================.
Please do not hesitate to e-mail your questions or comments to Mr.
Ochala Abulla, Chairman of the Anuak Justice Council (AJC): E-mail: